International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). GLOBOCAN 2012: Estimated cancer incidence, mortality and prevalence worldwide in 2012. (Accessed July 9, 2016 at http://globocan.iarc.fr/Pages/fact_sheets_popu lation.aspx).
National Cancer Institute (NIH): Surveillance, Epidemi ology, and End Results Program (SEER). SEER Cancer statistics review (CSR) 1975-2013. (Accessed July 9, 2016 at http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2013/browse_csr. php sectionSEL=8&pageSEL=sect_08_table.08.html).
Lagergren J, Bergstrom R, Lindgren A, et al. The role of tobacco, snuff and alcohol use in the aetiology of cancer of the oesophagus and gastric cardia. Int J Cancer 2000; 85:340-6.
Engel LS, Chow WH, Vaughan TL, et al. Population at tributable risks of esophageal and gastric cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2003;95:1404-13.
Freedman ND, Abnet CC, Leitzmann MF, et al. A pro- spective study of tobacco, alcohol, and the risk of esophageal and gastric cancer subtypes. Am J Epidemiol 2007;165:1424-33.
Vaughan TL, Davis S, Kristal A, et al. Obesity, alcohol, and tobacco as risk factors for cancers of esophagus and gastric cardia: adenocarcinoma versus squamous cell car- cinoma. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1995;4:85- 92.
Powell NB, Schechtman KB, Riley RW, et al. Sleepy driving: accidents and injury. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2002;126:217-27.
Korman AJ, Peggs KS, Allison JP. Checkpoint blockage in cancer immunotherapy. Adv Immunol 2006;90:297- 339.
Pardoll DM. The blockade of immune checkpoints in cancer immunotherapy. Nat Rev Cancer 2012;12:252-64.
Topalian SL, Hodi FS, Brahmer JR, et al. Safety, activity, and immune correlates of anti-PD-1 antibody in cancer. N Engl J Med 2012;366:2443-54.
Hodi FS, O’Day SJ, McDermott DF, et al. Improved sur- vival with ipilimumab in patients with metastatic mela- noma. N Engl J Med 2010;363:711-23.
Garon EB, Rizvi NA, Hui R, et al. Pembrolizumab for the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med 2015; 372:2018-28.
Le DT, Uram JN, Wang H, et al. PD-1 blockage in tumors with mismatch-repair deficiency. N Engl J Med 2015; 372:2509-20.
Doi T, Piha-Paul SA, Jalal SI, et al. Updated results for the advanced esophageal carcinoma cohort of the phase Ib KEYNOTE-028 study of pembrolizumab (MK-3475). J Clin Oncol 34, 2016 (suppl 4S; abstr 7).
ClinicalTrials.gov: A service of the U.S. National Insti- tutes of Health. Study of Pembrolizumab (MK-3475) versus investigator‘s choice standard therapy for partici- pants with advanced esophageal/esophagogastric junction carcinoma that progressed after first-line therapy (MK- 3475-181/KEYNOTE-181) 2016. (Accessed July 9, 2016 at https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02564263).
